Phase 4 survey here*

*Australian participants only

Phase III survey here*

*US participants only

FIT-Choice Books & Special Issues

add 

Watt, H. M. G., Richardson, P. W., & Smith, K. (Eds.)(2017). Global perspectives on teacher motivation. New York: Cambridge University Press. [weblink]

Richardson, P. W., Karabenick, S. A., & Watt, H. M. G. (Eds.)(2014). Teacher motivation: Theory and practice. New York: Routledge. [weblink]

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (Guest Eds.). (2012). 'Teaching motivations in different countries: Comparisons using the FIT-Choice scale'. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3). [weblink]

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (Guest Eds.). (2008). 'Motivation for Teaching'. Learning and Instruction, 18(5). [weblink]

FIT-Choice Journal Articles

†† De Clercq, M., Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2022). Profiles of teachers’ striving and wellbeing: Evolution and relations with context factors, retention and professional engagement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(3), 637-655. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000702 

Fenech, M., Wong, S., Boyd, W., Gibson, M., Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2022). Attracting, retaining and sustaining early childhood teachers: An ecological conceptualisation of workforce issues and future research directions. Australian Educational Researcher, 49(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-020-00424-6 

Watt, H. M. G., Butler, R., & Richardson, P. W. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of teachers’ goal profiles in Australia and Israel. Learning and Instruction, 14, 101491. doi: 10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101491 

Lazarides, R., Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2020). Teachers’ classroom management self-efficacy, perceived classroom management and teaching contexts from beginning until mid-career. Learning and Instruction, 69, 101346. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2020.101346  

Watt, H. M. G., Richardson, P. W., & Wilkins, K. (2014). Profiles of professional engagement and career development aspirations among USA preservice teachers. International Journal of Educational Research, 65, 23-40. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2013.09.008 [pdf available

Watt, H. M. G., Richardson, P. W., Klusmann, U., Kunter, M., Beyer, B., Trautwein, U., & Baumert, J. (2012). Motivations for choosing teaching as a career: An international comparison using the FIT-Choice scale. Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(6), 791-805. [pdf available]

† Kilinç, A., Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2012). Factors influencing teaching choice in Turkey. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 199-226. [pdf available]

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2012). An introduction to teaching motivations in different countries: Comparisons using the FIT-Choice scale. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(3), 185-197. [pdf available]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2011). FIT-Choice: Attracting and sustaining 'fit' teachers in the profession. Professional Educator, 10(2), 28-29. [research spotlight: pdf available]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2008). Motivations, perceptions, and aspirations concerning teaching as a career for different types of beginning teachers. Learning and Instruction, 18, 408-428. [pdf available]

† Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2008). Guest editorial: Motivation for teaching. Learning and Instruction, 18, 405-407. [pdf available]

† Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2008). Career change? Monash Business Review, 4(3), 7 & 9. [pdf available]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2007). Motivational factors influencing teaching as a career choice: Development and validation of the FIT-Choice Scale. Journal of Experimental Education, 75(3), 167-202. [feature article: pdf available]

† Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2006). Who chooses teaching and why? Profiling characteristics and motivations across three Australian universities. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 34(1), 27-56. [pdf available] Routledge most highly cited article 2012 [publicity weblink] [pdf version]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (in preparation). Values matter - but which ones? Contrasting intrinsic, personal and social utility values for choosing a teaching career in a large-scale Australian study of undergraduates and graduates.

FIT-Choice Book Chapters

† Watt, H.M.G., Richardson, P.W., & Tysvaer, N.M. (2007). Profiles of beginning teachers’ professional engagement and career development aspirations (Ch 10, pp. 155-176). In A. Berry, A. Clemans, & A. Kostogriz (Eds.), Dimensions of professional learning: Professionalism, practice and identity. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers. [pdf available]

† Richardson, P.W., Watt, H.M.G., & Tysvaer, N.M. (2007). What motivates people to change out of business-related careers into teaching? (Ch 9, pp. 219-239). In M. F. Ozbilgin & A. Malach-Pines (Eds.). Career choice in management and entrepreneurship - A research companion. Edward Elgar Press. [pdf available]

†† Watt, H.M.G., Richardson, P.W., & Pietsch, J. (2009). Choosing to teach in the “STEM” disciplines: Characteristics and motivations of science, technology, and mathematics teachers from Australia and the United States (Ch 13, pp. 285-309). In A. Selkirk & M. Tichenor (Eds.), Teacher education: Policy, practice and research. New York: Nova Science Publishers. ISBN: 978-1-60692-506-5 [weblink] [pdf available]

† Richardson, P. W. & Watt, H. M. G. (2010). Current and future directions in teacher motivation research (Ch. 5, pp. 139-173). In T. C. Urdan & S. A. Karabenick (Eds.), The decade ahead: Applications and contexts of motivation and achievement; Advances in Motivation and Achievement, Volume 16B. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. [pdf available]

Outstanding Author Contribution Award Winner at the Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2011 [publicity weblink]

De Alwis, N. & Watt, H. M. G. (2010). Entrepreneurial and other career motivations among engineering students (Ch. 15, pp. 267-280). In A. Malach-Pines & M. F. Özbilgin (Eds.), Handbook of Research on High-Technology Entrepreneurs. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing. [pdf available] [weblink]

†† Riley, P., Watt, H. M. G., Richardson, P. W., & De Alwis, N. (2012). Relations among beginning teachers’ self-reported aggression, unconscious motives, personality, role stress, self-efficacy and burnout (Ch. 10, pp. 151-168). In T. Wubbels, P. den Brok, J. Tartwijk, & J. Levy (Eds.), Interpersonal relationships in education; Advances in Learning Environments Research, Volume 3. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers. [pdf available]

Richardson, P. W., Watt, H. M. G., & Devos, C. (2013). Types of professional and emotional coping among beginning teachers. In M. Newberry, A. Gallant, & P. Riley (Eds.), Emotion and school: Understanding how the hidden curriculum influences relationships, leadership, teaching, and learning (Advances in Research on Teaching, Vol. 18), pp. 229-253. Emerald [weblink] [pdf available]. doi. 10.1108/S1479-3687(2013)0000018016

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P.W. (2013). Teacher motivation and student achievement outcomes. In J. Hattie & E. M. Anderman (Eds.), International guide to student achievement (Ch. 6.17, pp. 271-273). New York: Routledge. [pdf available]

† Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (in press). Teacher motivation: Theoretical and empirical developments. International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Elsevier.

† Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2014). A motivational analysis of teacher beliefs. In H. Fives & M. G. Gill (Eds.), International handbook of research on teachers' beliefs (pp. 191-211). New York: Routledge [pdf available].

† Richardson, P. W. & Watt, H. M. G. (2014). Why people choose teaching as a career: An expectancy-value approach to understanding teacher motivation. In P. W. Richardson, S. A. Karabenick, & H. M. G. Watt (Eds.), Teacher motivation: Theory and practice (pp. 3-19). New York: Routledge [pdf available].

Richardson, P. W., Watt, H. M. G., & Karabenick, S. A. (2014). Teacher motivation matters: An introduction. In P. W. Richardson, S. A. Karabenick, & H. M. G. Watt (Eds.), Teacher motivation: Theory and practice (pp. xiii-xxii). New York: Routledge [pdf available].

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2014). Beginning teachers' motivations, effectiveness and wellbeing. In A.-L. Østern (Ed.), NAFOL Year Book 2014: Once a teacher - always a teacher? (pp. 53-64). Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget Vigmostad & Bjørke AS [pdf available].

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2015). Teacher motivation. International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences, 2nd ed (pp. 64-71). San Francisco: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.26082-0 [weblink]

Richardson, P. W. & Watt, H. M. G. (2016). Factors influencing teaching choice: Why do future teachers choose the career? In J. Loughran & M. L. Hamilton (Eds.), International Handbook of Teacher Education, Vol. 2 (Part IV), pp. 275-304. Singapore: Springer doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-0369-1_8 [weblink]

FIT-Choice Conference Papers

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (Apr., 2011). Motivational antecedents of early career teachers' emotional health and teaching behaviours. Paper presented in Symposium titled "Exploring the motivational and emotional nexus of teaching" at the AERA Conference, New Orleans, April 8-12, 2011.

Richardson, P. W. & Watt, H. M. G. (Apr., 2011). Possibilities of Possible Selves theory for teachers: Implications for beginning teachers' psychological wellbeing, work engagement, and teaching style. Paper presented in Symposium "Teacher motivation: Why does it matter?" at the AERA Conference, New Orleans, April 8-12, 2011.

Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (Dec., 2010). Changing motivations, self-efficacies, career satisfaction and planned persistence for different types of teachers through the first 5 years of teaching. Paper presented at the AARE Conference, Melbourne, Nov. 29 - Dec. 2, 2010.

Watt, H. M. G.  & Richardson, P. W. (Sept., 2010). Do teaching motivations change following early career teaching experiences? Stability and change for different “types” of beginning teachers. Paper presented at the ICM Conference, Porto, Sept. 2-4, 2010.

Riley, P., Watt, H.M.G., & Richardson, P.W. (April, 2010). Classroom relationships strained by teachers’ aggressive student management techniques. Paper presented at the ICIRE Conference, Boulder, April 28-29, 2010.

De Alwis, N., Watt, H.M.G., & Richardson, P.W. (July, 2010). Personal and environmental variables that predict burnout and persistence among early career teachers. Paper presented in Symposium titled “Teacher identity development”. [mentored presentation] at the ICAP Conference, Melbourne, July 11-16, 2010.

Richardson, P.W. (July, 2010). What does Possible Selves theory have to offer the study of teacher motivations? Paper presented in Symposium titled “Teacher Motivations: Extending the Big Theories” at the ICAP Conference, Melbourne, July 11-16, 2010.

Watt, H.M.G. (July, 2010). An Expectancy-Value approach to the study of teacher motivations. Paper presented in Symposium titled “Teacher Motivations: Extending the Big Theories” at the ICAP Conference, Melbourne, July 11-16, 2010.

Riley, P., Watt, H.M.G., & Richardson, P.W. (April, 2010). Classroom relationships strained by teachers’ aggressive student management techniques. Paper presented at the ICIRE Conference, Boulder, April 28-29, 2010.

Watt, H. M. G.  & Richardson, P. W. (April, 2010). When the rubber hits the road: Changing motivations for teacher subtypes in the first five years of teaching. Paper presented in Symposium titled “Teacher motivation: Applying motivational theories using international samples and diverse methodological approaches” at the AERA Conference, Denver, April 30 - May 4, 2010.

Watt, H. M. G.  & Richardson, P. W. (April, 2010). Different Types of Beginning Teachers: One size does not fit all. Invited paper presented in AARE Presidential Session titled “New Frontiers in Australian Teacher Education Research” at the AERA Conference, Denver, April 30 - May 4, 2010.

Watt, H. M. G. (Dec., 2009). Motivations underpinning teaching career choice. Paper presented in Symposium titled "Beginning teachers' career motivations" at the AARE Conference, Canberra, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, 2009.

Richardson, P. W. (Dec., 2009). The “push” and “pull” of feared and hoped for teacher future identities. Paper presented in Symposium titled "Beginning teachers' personalities and identity development" at the AARE Conference, Canberra, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, 2009.

Ku, W. S. & Watt, H. M. G. (Dec., 2009). Effects of gender and gender role orientation on high school students’ teaching perceptions and aspirations in Hong Kong. Paper presented in Symposium titled "Beginning teachers' career motivations" at the AARE Conference, Canberra, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, 2009.

Quin, K. & Watt, H. M. G. (Dec., 2009). The influence of personality traits on the choice of teaching as a career. Paper presented in Symposium titled "Beginning teachers' personalities and identity development" at the AARE Conference, Canberra, Nov. 29 - Dec. 3, 2009.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2009, Aug.). Motivations for teaching and their relationships with professional engagement types: An expectancy-value perspective. Invited paper presented in Motivation SIG Keynote Symposium (Discussant - Tim Urdan). Paper presented at the EARLI Biennial Conference, Amsterdam, August 25-29, 2009.

Watt, H.M.G. (2009, April). An expectancy-value approach to teacher motivation: Why choose teaching? Paper presented in symposium 'Motivation for teaching: Utilising diverse motivational theories' (Discussant - Avi Kaplan). Paper presented at the AERA Annual Conference, San Diego, April 13-17, 2009.

Richardson, P.W. (2009, April). Possible selves, occupational choice, and personal satisfaction among beginning teachers. Paper presented in symposium 'Motivation for teaching: Utilising diverse motivational theories' (Discussant - Avi Kaplan). Paper presented at the AERA Annual Conference, San Diego, April 13-17, 2009.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2008, Dec.). Possible selves of beginning teachers: The origins of occupational choice and professional satisfaction. Paper presented in Keynote Symposium 'How can psychological theory inform research in teacher education?' AARE Annual Conference Papers, Brisbane, 30 Nov.-4 Dec.. ISSN 13249339.

Watt. H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2008, Dec.). A new multidimensional measure of teaching self-efficacy: The SET Scale. Paper presented in Symposium 'Multiple dimensions and correlates of teacher self-efficacy' (Discussant - Ray Debus). AARE Annual Conference Papers, Brisbane, 30 Nov.-4 Dec.. ISSN 13249339.

Sharma, U., Watt, H.M.G., & Richardson, P.W. (2008, Dec.). Relationship between teacher self-efficacy in working with students with disabilities and their training in special education. Paper presented in Symposium 'Multiple dimensions and correlates of teacher self-efficacy (Discussant - Ray Debus)'. AARE Annual Conference Papers, Brisbane, 30 Nov.-4 Dec.. ISSN 13249339.

Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2007, Nov.). Motivations, perceptions, and aspirations concerning teaching as a career for different types of beginning teachers. Paper presented in Symposium ‘Teaching Choices – Careers, Confidence, Growth and Engagement’. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID WAT07029], Fremantle, Nov 25-29. ISSN 13249339.

† Richardson, P.W., Watt, H.M.G., & Pietsch, J. (2007, Nov.). Who chooses to teach in the “STEM” disciplines and why? Paper presented in Symposium ‘Teaching Choices – Careers, Confidence, Growth and Engagement’. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID RIC07346], Fremantle, Nov 25-29. ISSN 13249339.

Watt, H.M.G., Richardson, P.W., & Pietsch, J. (2007, July). Choosing to teach in the "STEM" disciplines: Characteristics and motivations of Science, ICT, and Mathematics teachers. Paper presented at the MERGA [Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia] Annual Meeting, Hobart, July 2-6, 2007. [pdf available]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2007, July). How perceived professional "demands" and "rewards" shape beginning teachers' career engagement and aspirations. Paper presented at the AHDA Biennial Conference, Sydney, July 5-8, 2007.

Watt, H.M.G., Richardson, P.W., & Gilbert, M. (2007, April). Motivations for beginning, aspiring to, or rejecting teaching careers from late adolescence through early adulthood. Paper presented at the AERA Annual Conference, Chicago, April 9-13, 2007.

Watt, H.M.G., Richardson, P.W., & Tysvaer, N. (2007, April). Profiles of beginning teachers’ professional engagement and career development aspirations. Paper presented in Symposium 'Beliefs and emotions about becoming and being a teacher' (Discussant – Reinhard Pekrun). Paper to be presented at the AERA Annual Conference, Chicago, April 9-13, 2007.

Richardson, P.W. (2006, Nov). Do career switchers have different motivations for choosing teaching? Paper presented in Symposium ‘The “crisis” of teacher shortages in Australia : What do large-scale and longitudinal research programs tell us?’ (Discussant – Toni Downes). AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID RIC06257], Adelaide, 27-30 Nov 2006. ISSN 13249339.

Watt, H.M.G. (2006, Nov). The “FIT-Choice” Project: A large-scale and longitudinal study of beginning teachers’ motivations and professional commitment. Paper presented in Symposium ‘The “crisis” of teacher shortages in Australia : What do large-scale and longitudinal research programs tell us?’ (Discussant – Toni Downes). AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID WAT06256], Adelaide, 27-30 Nov 2006. ISSN 13249339.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2005, April). Switching Careers: Factors influencing career change into teaching in Australia. Paper presented at the annual conference for the Society for Research in Adult Development, Atlanta, Georgia April 6-7, 2005.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2004, Dec). Development and application of a new theoretical framework to assess motivations for entering the teaching profession across three universities. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID WAT04301], Melbourne, 28 Nov - 2 Dec 2004. ISSN 13249339.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (September, 2004). Motivations for Becoming a Teacher. Paper presented at the ICM Biennial Conference, Lisbon Portugal, 30 Sept - 2 Oct 2004.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (July, 2004). Self-concept of teaching ability and values for teaching: Definition, measurement and relative influences on the choice of teaching as a career. Paper presented at the 3rd International Biennial SELF Research Conference, Berlin, 4-7 July 2004. [available online]

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2004, April). Why choose to teach? Motivations for entering the profession based on the ‘FIT-Choice’ Scale. Paper presented in Symposium 'Teacher induction: motivations for commencing, developing and succeeding in the teaching profession' (Discussant – Jian Wang). Paper presented at the AERA Annual Conference, San Diego, April 12-16, 2004.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2004, April). Graduate entry Into teaching: Motivations and beliefs for career change. Paper presented in Symposium 'Teacher induction: motivations for commencing, developing and succeeding in the teaching profession' (Discussant – Jian Wang). Paper presented at the AERA Annual Conference, San Diego, April 12-16, 2004.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2004, April). A new model for exploring teaching as a feminized profession. Paper presented at the Gender Development Research Conference, San Francisco, April 23-24, 2004.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2004, January). An Australian study of motives for making the career change into teaching. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on Education, Honolulu, Jan 3-6.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2003, September). Teaching as a gendered profession: The application of Expectancy-Value theory to understanding gendered motivations for teaching as a career choice. Paper presented at the EERA Annual Conference, Hamburg, 17-20 September 2003.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2003, September). Rethinking research into the choice of teaching as a career: Application of a new theoretical approach. Paper presented at the EERA Annual Conference, Hamburg, 17-20 September 2003.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2003, August). Factors Influencing Teaching Choice: Development and validation of the ‘FIT-Choice’ Scale. Paper presented at the EARLI 10th Biennial Conference, Padova Italy, August 26-30 2003.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2003, August). Teaching as a career change: An exploration of motives and influences. Paper presented at the EARLI 10th Biennial Conference, Padova Italy, August 26-30 2003.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2003, April). Motivational factors leading to teaching as a career choice: Development and validation of the FIT-Choice scale. AERA Annual Conference, Chicago, April 21-25 2003.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2003, April). Career change into teaching: An investigation of influences, motives and aspirations. AERA Annual Conference, Chicago, April 21-25 2003.

Richardson, P. & Watt, H.M.G. (2002, Dec). A survey investigation of influences and choices in attracting graduates into teaching. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID RIC02556], Brisbane, Dec 1-5.

FIT-Choice Invited Seminars

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2014, Sept.). Beginning teachers' effectiveness and wellbeing. AITSL Invited Presentation, Melbourne, Sept. 26.

Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2011, Nov.) Victorian Institute of Teaching, Twilight Seminar 24/11/11 ‘FIT’ to Teach: Sustaining a healthy workforce. [weblink]

Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2009, Aug.). Measuring teaching motivations, self-efficacies and aspirations: An overview of the development and validation of three new psychometric instruments. Invited presentation at the University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, 17 August 09.

Richardson, P. W., & Watt, H. M. G. (2009, Aug.). Profiling “types” of beginning teachers and their different teaching motivations. Invited presentation at the University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, 18 August 09.

Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2009, Aug.). Scale development and validation of new measures for Teaching Motivations, Self-Efficacies and Aspirations. Invited presentation at Oxford University, Department of Educational Studies, 11 August 09.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2007, May). Motivations, engagement, and aspirations towards a teaching career. Centre For Medical And Health Sciences Education, Monash University, 17 May 07.

Watt, H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2007, Nov.). Motivations, engagement, and aspirations for the career choice of teaching. Invited presentation at Murdoch University, School of Psychology Research Seminar Series, jointly with School of Education. 30 Nov. 07.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2007, April). Motivations, engagement, and aspirations: Choosing teaching as a career. The Curry Institute, University of Virginia, 6 April 07. [mp3 available]

Watt, H.M.G. (2007, March). Motivations for choosing a teaching career: An international comparison using the “FIT-Choice” scale. University of Oxford, 26 March 07.

Watt, H.M.G. (2007, March). Profiling "types" of beginning teachers' professional engagement and career development aspirations. Georg-August-University of Goettingen, 15 March 07.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2006, Nov). Profiles of beginning teachers’ professional engagement and career development aspirations: A person-centred and mixed-methods study. Monash University, 8 Nov 06.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2006, June). The 'FIT-Choice' [Factors Influencing Teaching Choice] Project: Motivations for teaching, professional engagement, and career development aspirations. Oxford University, 2 June 06.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2005, Dec). The “FIT-Choice” project: Teaching motivations and professional commitment across Australian and U.S. samples. Educational Studies Colloquium series, University of Michigan, 1 Dec 05.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2005, Oct). A new theoretical model for studying motivations for teaching. The Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2003, June). Choice of Teaching as a Career: Theoretical development and empirical validation of an investigative motivational framework. Combined Program in Education and Psychology [CPEP], University of Michigan, invited colloquium 8 Oct 03.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2003, June). 'FIT-Choice' Scale: Development and Validation for Motivational Factors Influencing Teaching Choice. Faculty of Education, Monash University, invited Faculty colloquium 25 June 03.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H. M. G. (2003). Why Teaching? A Mixed Methods Study of Graduate Entrants. University of Western Sydney Research Seminar, 20 March.

Watt, H.M.G. & Richardson, P.W. (2002, December). Motivations for choosing teaching as a career: Implications for preservice teacher education. University of Waikato, University of Sydney Symposium on Quality Teaching and Learning, Dec 10-12 2002, Hamilton, NZ.

Richardson, P.W. & Watt, H.M.G. (2002, Sept). Teaching as a Career Change: An Exploration of Motives and Influences. Faculty of Education, University of Sydney, invited colloquium for the Cognition and Motivation cluster 17 Sept 02.


† Richardson & Watt equal first authors

†† All authors contributed equally

FIT-Choice Thesis Completions

  • Effects of gender and gender role orientation on high school students' teaching perceptions and aspirations in Hong Kong
    (Wai Shan Ku MPsych 2009; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)
  • What teachers believe, say and do: A study of the relationship between teacher self-efficacy for student engagement, their engagement practices, and student engagement (Fiona Morrison MEd 2009; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)
  • Personality and teachers: A multifaceted approach
    (Kevin Quin MPsych 2008; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)
  • Identifying factors that deter engineering students from pursuing a "STEM" teaching career
    (Nilusha De Alwis Postgrad Dip Psych 2008; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)
  • Indonesian English teachers' self-efficacy beliefs
    (Basikin MEd 2008; Supervisor Dr Paul Richardson)
  • Attitudes of university students towards teaching as a career
    (Amy Brown Postgrad Dip Psych 2007; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)
  • Teachers - the next generation: Issues in teacher recruitment
    (Amy Young Postgrad Dip Psych 2007; Supervisor Dr Helen Watt)

FIT-Choice Mentored Student Publications

  • Rajendran, N., Watt,  H. M. G., & Richardson, P. W. (2020). Teacher burnout and turnover intent. Australian Educational Researcher, 47(3), 477-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-019-00371-x 

  • George, S. V., Richardson, P. W., & Watt, H. M. G. (2018). Early career teachers’ self-efficacy: A longitudinal study from Australia. Australian Journal of Education, 62(2), 217-233: doi: 10.1177/0004944118779601 

  • Suryani, A., Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2016). Students’ motivations to become teachers: Findings from Indonesia. International Journal of Quantitative Research in Education, 3(3), 179-203.  

  • De Alwis, N. & Watt, H. M. G. (2010). Entrepreneurial and other career motivations among Engineering students. In A. Malach-Pines & M. F. Özbilgin (Eds.), Handbook of Research on High Technology Entrepreneurs (Ch. 15; pp. 267-280). Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar Publishing.

  • De Alwis, N. & Watt, H. M. G. (2009, July). What makes teaching a less appealing career choice among Engineering students? Paper presented in Symposium ‘Teaching Personalities and Motivations: Theoretical advances and empirical findings’. Paper presented at the Australasian Human Development Association Biennial Conference, Flinders University Adelaide, July 6-9. BEST STUDENT PAPER PRESENTATION AWARD. 

  • Ku, W. S.. & Watt, H. M. G. (2009, July). How do gender role orientation and perception of teachers affect high school students' teaching self-efficacy and career choice? Research poster presented at the AHDA Biennial Conference, Adelaide, July 6-8.

  • Ku, W. S. & Watt, H. M. G. (2009, Dec.). Effects of gender and gender role orientation on high school students’ teaching perceptions and aspirations in Hong Kong. Paper presented in Symposium ‘Beginning Teachers' Career Motivations’. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Canberra, Nov. 29 – Dec. 3.

  • Quin, K. & Watt, H.M.G. (2009, Nov.). The influence of personality traits on the choice of teaching as a career. Paper presented in Symposium ‘Beginning Teachers' Personalities and Identity Development’. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID QUI091538], Canberra, Nov 29 - Dec 3. ISSN 13249339. FULLY REFEREED CONFERENCE PAPER.

  • Quin, K. (2009, July). Teachers and personality: A multi-faceted approach. Paper presented in symposium 'Teaching Personalities and Motivations: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Findings'. Paper presented at the Australasian Human Development Association Biennial Conference, Flinders University Adelaide, July 6-9.

  • Quin, K. (2007, July). Personality and teachers: Is altruism sufficient? Paper presented in symposium 'Early career development of teachers in challenging contexts'. Paper presented at the Australasian Human Development Association Biennial Conference, UNSW Sydney, July 5-8.

  • Morrison, F. J. (2007, Nov.). Beginning teachers' self-efficacy for enhancing student engagement. Paper presented in Symposium ‘Teaching Choices – Careers, Confidence, Growth and Engagement’. AARE Annual Conference Papers [Paper ID MOR07347], Fremantle, Nov 25-29. ISSN 13249339.

  • Morrison, F. J. & Watt, H. M. G. (2008, Dec.). What teachers say and do to engage students in their classes. Paper presented in symposium '“Once more unto the breach dear friends, once more”: Motivation and engagement in students and teachers'. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Brisbane, Nov. 30 – Dec. 4.

  • Morrison, F. J., Watt, H. M. G. & Richardson, P. W. (2008, Dec.). How do teachers’ self-efficacy and instructional strategies for student engagement relate to students’ reported engagement? Paper presented in symposium 'Multiple dimensions and correlates of teacher self-efficacy'. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Annual Conference, Brisbane, Nov. 30 – Dec. 4.

  • Wilkins, K. (July 2007). Mapping the Terrain: Exploring the concept of Hard-to-Staff schools. Paper presented in Symposium titled 'Early Career Development of Teachers in Challenging Contexts' at the Australasian Human Development Association [AHDA] Biennial Conference, UNSW Sydney, July 5-8, 2007.